加拿大的 NOC 2021 改革对移民有重大影响

随着国家职业分类的发布 (奥委会) 2021 1.0 版本，标准分类系统已经彻底大修。 The NOC is important for Canadian immigration as it is used by the federal and provincial governments for managing the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP), and skilled worker immigration programs. A temporary foreign worker or immigrant is required to meet the NOC eligibility criteria for the specific program applying under. Under the 加拿大联邦快速通道系统, a skilled worker must demonstrate work experience in either NOC 0 (managerial jobs), NOC A (professional jobs), or NOC B (skilled trades occupations).

 

The NOC is used by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) and Canada's provinces and territories to assess eligibility for skilled worker immigration programs. Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC) also uses the NOC-matrix for evaluating Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA). ESDC and Statistics Canada work together to come up with updates and revisions to the NOC. Historically, the departments undertook updates every 5 years, followed by structural revisions every 10 years. The present revision is extensive, the last structural revision was NOC 2011. As part of continuous improvement, Statistics Canada and ESDC agreed to update the NOC more frequently after the publication of the 2016 version of the NOC.

 

As per official sources, NOC 2021 will be implemented in Fall 2022. NOC 2021 contains 516 occupations. NOC 2016 has 500 unit groups. Of the 516 unit groups the overhauled NOC, 423 are exactly the same as in the previous version of the classification.

 

NOC 2021 – 引入的变化 NOC 2021 重大修订更新了结构框架。 更新后的 NOC 矩阵将“更加一致、准确和灵活”。

 

[1] 用 TEER 类别替换技能水平

The first major change is the replacement of skill levels with the new categories of Training, Education, Experience, and Responsibilities (TEER). The introduction of the TEER system will put the focus on the education and experience needed to be able to work in Canada in a specific occupation. According to Statistics Canada, the previous NOC classification artificially created a low- against a high-skilled categorization. With the redesign, there will be a shift from the low/high categorization towards more accurately capturing the skills needed in each of the occupations in the Canadian labor market.

 

国家石油公司 2016   Jobs classified based on – ·         Job duties, and ·         The work an individual does.		国家石油公司 2021  Jobs classified based on – ·         Level of skills required, ·         Level of training, ·         Level of formal education, ·         Experience needed to gain entry into that occupation, and ·         The responsibilities associated to it.
技能类型	工作种类	TEER 类别	更多信息
技能类型 0（零）	管理职位	0	管理职业
技能等级A.	专业职位	1	Completion of a university degree, or Many years of experience in a specific occupation from TEER 2, if applicable.
技能等级B.	技术工作和技术行业	2	Completion of a post-secondary education program of 2/3 years at community college, institute of technology or CÉGEP, or Completion of an apprenticeship training program of 2 to 5 years, or Occupations with supervisory or significant safety responsibilities, or Several years of experience in a specific occupation from TEER 3, if applicable.
技能等级 C	中级职位	3	Completion of a post-secondary education program of less than 2 years at community college, institute of technology or CÉGEP or Apprenticeship training of less than 2 years, or More than 6 months of on-the-job training, training courses or specific work experience with some secondary school education, or Several years of experience in a specific occupation from TEER 4, if applicable.
技能等级 D	劳工职位	4	Completion of secondary school, or Several weeks of on-the-job training with some secondary school education, or Several years of experience in a specific occupation from TEER 5, if applicable.
-	-	5	简短的工作演示，没有正式的教育要求。

 

  [2] 类别数量增加

From the current 4 skill levels, NOC 2021 will have 6 TEER categories. Most of the occupations listed – around 1/3 of all unit groups in the NOC – come under the existing Skill Level B. With the change, there is a clearer distinction between the employment requirements for each of the TEER categories. This will lead to a more homogenous and consistent classification.  

 

[3] 新的 NOC 代码采用 5 位格式

The third major change is a structural move involving a shift from a 4-tiered NOC code to a 5-tiered classification system. The new classification is more flexible. Scope has been left in NOC 2021 for the incorporation of many new unit groups, as required in future.

 

NOC 2021 – 5 位 NOC 代码
数字1	广泛的职业类别
数字2	TEER 类别
数字 1 和 2	代表主要群体
数字 1、2 和 3	代表次主要群体
数字 1、2、3 和 4	代表小团体
全部 5 位数字	代表职业本身

 

例如，根据 NOC 2021 对照表, the present NOC 2147 for Computer engineers (except software engineers and designers) requiring a Skill Level A will become NOC 21311 with TEER 1. Moreover, with NOC 2171 (now NOC 21222) for Information systems analysts and consultants split, NOC 21232 is the new code for Software developers and programmers.

 

  [4] 职业本身的变化

The changes made to the occupations aim at keeping the NOC updated with the evolution of the labor market in Canada. Many unit groups have had their list of employment requirements, main duties, and list of associated job titles reviewed in detail.

 

创建了新的单元组	· 数据科学家 · 网络安全
授予自己的单位组	· 财务顾问 · 警方调查员
创建了 3 个不同的单元组	对于软件开发人员和程序员
具有重大更新的部门	· 信息技术领域 · 卫生和农业部门 · 军事职业 · 邮政服务

 

新的 NOC 2021 总共包含 516 个职业，高于 NOC 423 中的 2016 个职业。

 

NOC 516 的 2021 个单元组是如何构建的
423个单元组	与 NOC 2016 完全相同
58个单元组	通过拆分现有单元组创建的新单元组
30个单元组	添加了另一个单元组的一部分的现有单元组
5个单元组	新的单元组，通过合并 2 个独立的单元组创建

 

  加拿大移民 will be overhauling the way occupations in the Canadian labor market are classified in Fall 2022. The new classification will affect those applying under certain economic immigration programs – such as the federal Express Entry system – as well as temporary foreign workers. The federal government of Canada is yet to communicate regarding the sorts of applicants to be affected

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